Friday, October 03, 2025

Russian pirate station from Belarus active on 3940 kHz

 

BELARUS {Putin's imperial war music radio? } 3940 kHz, 'Music Wave Radio', 1842-2024 UT, Sept 27, Russian songs and comments. 25422.
(Manuel Mendez, Lugo-ESP, hcdx Sept 28)  {rather Russian pirate stn ? }

BELARUS   3940 kHz  'Music Wave Radio', 1933-2031 UT on Sept 06, Russian, male, comments, music, songs. 25422. (Manuel Méndez-ESP/DX Fanzine)

For a long time I've been noticing logs of a Russian station on 3940 kHz named "Music Wave Radio". I never managed to hear this ID but the other day I heard "Russkoe Piratskoe Radio" (Russian Pirate Radio) and e-mail
address  podradio@mail.ru

I sent off a report and the next day came a response from Evgeny Shaden with a QSL and some info: 'Russian Pirate Radio' is indeed the name of the station, "Music Wave Radio" together with "Nostalgic Broadcasts" and "Radio Wagner" {Russian Legion of Foreign Soldiers group left Mali territory recently} are just the titles of the programmes. 

My observation is, that their programmes are generally biased towards patriotism. Their schedule is Saturday and Sunday 1900 "until early in the morning. They give the transmitter power as 20 kW, which would explain the strength, but they will not disclose even the country where the transmitter is located.
(Vashek Korintek-Czech Republic / 'Shortwave Bulletin'; Sept 27)
(WWDXC/Top Nx 1630-03 Oct 2025
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Studios of Scandinavian Weekend Radio


The monthly broadcast from Finland's Scandinavian Weekend Radio will be broadcast this weekend. Programming will feature The Best Soul, Funk and R&B.  

Don't miss it - for additional information and the October schedule, go to: http://www.swradio.net/

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Finland's RealMix Radio ready for weekend broadcast

 
2024 QSL from RadioMix Rado

RealMix Radio, which broadcast on  6195 kHz, is back on the air this weekend, October 4,5, 2025. 

During the station's recent autumn break, both the technology and the station's software got an overhaul!

Check out the station's programs and schedules on the RealMix website at https://www.realmix.fi/
Have a nice weekend with RealMix Radio

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Trans World Radio nears Guam closedown on October 25

 
KTWR Guam transmitters


Trans World Radio, KTWR, Guam, will go off air permanently on 25 Oct 2025 after 48 years of service.  

Their current schedule till that date is as follows:

All times UTC

1045-1100 15120  Mongolian (ex Sun)
1100-1115  15120 Mongolian
1215-1245 9975 Mon - Fri English, Sun Japanese
1230-1245 12040 Karen (Sun)
1245-1315 15400 English & Indian languages
1500-1600 9900 Korean
1600-1630 15390 DRM (Sat)
1600-1645 15390  DRM (Sun)

Reception Reports to asiafeedback@twr.org
TWR)  
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UK Propagation Update

 


RSGB

GB2RS News Team | October 3, 2025

Last week was characterised by very unsettled geomagnetic conditions with a Kp index that reached 7.33 on 30 September and was often above 5. 
This is not good for HF propagation!

But what caused this? A high-speed solar wind stream at around 750 kilometres per second, coupled with the Bz component of the Sun’s magnetic field pointing south, led to the disruption. But there didn’t seem to be any particular solar event that triggered the high-speed solar wind stream.

The Russell-McPherron effect is probably to blame. This is a phenomenon where the alignment of the Earth’s and the Sun’s magnetic fields, during the equinoxes around March and September, allows charged particles from the solar wind to more easily penetrate the Earth’s magnetosphere.

This enhanced connection leads to more intense geomagnetic storms and increased aurora activity as the Bz aligns favourably with the Earth’s magnetic field at these times. This may pass as we get further into October.

As a result of the geomagnetic storm, maximum usable frequencies, or MUFs, have often been lower than normal. A quick listen on 28MHz on Wednesday 1 October confirmed the poor conditions. It’s a shame as October is normally a fantastic month for HF DX.

The solar flux index peaked at 187 on 30 September, having been above
170 since 28 September.

Next week NOAA predicts that the solar flux index will remain above 150 to 160 all week. The good news is that geomagnetic conditions are forecast to improve, with a maximum Kp index of 3. If that comes to pass, we can expect HF to be better after a day or two, and we might be able to make the most of the autumnal conditions for DX.

VHF and up:

The current spell of unsettled weather, mainly over northern areas, is typical of the season, but it’s also common to find high pressure passing by in between the deeper lows. In the current pattern, the highs are mainly for the southern half of Britain. This will bring some good Tropo conditions at times for the VHF and UHF bands.

As we head into autumn, these lifts may linger through much of the morning on some days before the temperature rise breaks down any temperature inversion. A good clue is that it’s usually over when the overnight fog clears.

On the other hand, there will probably be some good rain scatter opportunities on the GHz bands as the active lows push fronts across the country, especially in the north. There are signs that we may return to high pressure over the country during the RSGB 2025 Convention weekend from the 10 to 12 October.

We have a meteor shower to play with during the coming week. The Draconids peak on Wednesday 8 October, but the shower stream is spread over the whole of the week.

Lastly, there have been some reasonable auroral events recently so, as usual, keep a watch on the Kp index going over 5 since, as we said earlier, these autumn months are very much favoured for auroral activity.

For EME operators, the Moon’s declination is increasing and goes positive tomorrow, the 6 October, so lengthening Moon windows and increasing peak elevation is the story for the coming week.

Path losses continue to fall as we approach perigee on 8 October. 144MHz sky noise will be low for much of the next seven days.

https://rsgb.org/main/blog/news/gb2rs/propagation-news/2025/10/03/propagation-news-5-october-2025/
(Mike Terry, UK/BDXC)

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Encore classical music from Radio Tumbril

 Encore classical music from Radio Tumbril

Starts with a Song by 16th Century composer Giobanni Bassano scores for cornet instead of voice, Part of a Ravel string quartet, and some modern sitar music.

After that - part of the violin concerto in E Minor by Mendelssohn, and an aria by Handel.
The programme finishes with some of the 'Trout' Quintet from Schubert , and the poem Pleasure no More by Clément Marot set to music by Ninfea Cruttwell-Reade.





Dear Listener,
Regular Broadcast times of Encore By WRMI and Channel 292 are:
02:00 - 03:00 UTC Friday 5850 kHz WRMI to US
20:00 - 21:00 UTC Friday 15770 kHz WRMI to Europe
10:00 - 11:00 UTC Saturday 9670 kHz Channel 292 to Europe
01:00 - 02:00 UTC Sunday 5850 kHz WRMI to US and Canada
19:00 - 20:00 UTC Sunday 3955 kHz Channel 292 to Europe
02:00 - 03:00 UTC Monday 5950 kHz WRMI to the US and Canada
13:00 - 14:00 UTC Tuesday 15770 kHz WRMI to Europe, east coast of US and Iceland. (Sometimes RTTY on the lower sideband. Suggest notch out or use USB.)

Some Things to see on The Encore Website:
The Encore website is www.tumbril.co.uk where you will find:
Important information about funding of Encore - Radio Tumbril.
Up to date transmission times and frequencies.
The playlists for the most recent programmes.
An email link.
Informal reception reports as well as those requesting eQSL cards are welcome.

WRMI and Channel 292 are very generous with their air-time but Encore still costs around 100 Dollars/Euros a month to broadcast.
If you can - please send a small contribution to help Encore keep going.

THE DONATION BUTTON is on the homepage of the website - www.tumbril.co.uk - which folks can use if they would like to support Encore.

(Please don't be put off by the POWR security wall when using the PAYPAL button - it is a harmless requirement of WIX the website hosting service.)

THIS FORTNIGHT'S PROGRAMME - First broadcast on FRIDAY 3rd October by WRMI at 0200 UTC on 5850, and 2000 UTC on 15770 and then Channel 292 on SATURDAY 4thj Octobeer at 10:00 UTC on 9670 kHz:
Starts with a Song by 16th Century composer Giobanni Bassano scores for cornet instead of voice, Part of a Ravel string quartet, and some modern sitar music.
After that - part of the violin concerto in E Minor by Mendelssohn, and an aria by Handel.
The programme finishes with some of the 'Trout' Quintet from Schubert , and the poem Pleasure no More by Clément Marot set to music by Ninfea Cruttwell-Reade.

(This bulletin is sent by Bcc to the many hundreds of listeners who have been in contact with Encore over the last nearly six years of broadcasting Encore.)

Brice Avery - Encore - Radio Tumbril - www.tumbril.co.uk
GMØTLY

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New Season of Calling All Radio Nutzz (CARN) Begins in October

 


                                      Jen and GB announce the new season of CARN.


New programs from Calling All Radio Nutzz will be full of news, views, and LIVE tuning from both coasts, plus other information related to the HF spectrum that's DC to daylight. A New Interval Series, plus continuing Radio Waves and the Ionosphere. A link to the book itself is available on The Internet Archive, with full details in the first program. New tapes from GB's DXpeditions and radio experiments.
 
Here are the dates and times

All times UTC

October 4 - 1800
November 29 - 1900

2026
January 31 - 1900
February 28 -  1900
March 28 - 1900
April 25 - 1800


For your contact pleasure

We look forward to presenting the shows to you, and hope you can join us on Saturdays throughout the DX Season.

73's & 33's
Jen & GB
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Wednesday, October 01, 2025

October programming from Texas Radio Shortwave

 
October QSL from Texas Radio Shortwave


Programming relayed from stations in Germany, as indicated 

All times UTC/kHz

Featuring the Music of B.J. Thomas

October 3   1900 - 6160  to Europe  ShortwaveRadio

October 5  1200 -  9670 to Europe  Channel 292
          2300 -  9670 to North America Channel 292

October 8  1900  - 3975/6160 to Europe  ShortwaveRadio

                                    
2025 Texas Halloween Music

Special Halloween QSL from Texas Radio Shortwave


October 31   2000 - 3975/6160 to Europe  from Shortwave Radio relay
             2300 -  9670 to North America  Channel 292 relay  

This schedule is subject to change based on propagation conditions, listener requests for specific Texas artists or music genres, and factors beyond our control.

Texas Radio Shortwave is an independent producer of musical and topical shows, usually about Texas.
Programs for Europe (Eur) and beyond on ShortwaveRadio in Winsen, Germany, are transmitted with 1 kilowatt into crossed dipole antennas.

Programs for Europe (Eur) and beyond on Channel 292 in Rohrbach, Germany, are transmitted with 10 kilowatts into a vertical antenna.

Programs for North America (NAm) and beyond on Channel 292 are transmitted with 10 kilowatts into a 10.5 dB gain beam antenna.

Texas Radio Shortwave uses a version of The Yellow Rose of Texas as its Interval Signal/Signature Song.

Texas Radio Shortwave verifies correct, detailed reception reports by electronic QSL. This includes reports from listeners using remote receivers (SDRs). Texas Radio

Many TRSW programs are archived at www.mixcloud.com/texasradiosw.
Texas Radio Shortwave's Facebook page is www.facebook.com/texasradiosw.
Texas Radio Shortwave's Listeners' Group Facebook page is www.facebook.com/groups/580199276066655/.
(TRSW) 
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Blog Logs - October 2025

 

Welcome to the October issue of Blog Logs. Thank you for your emails, logging contributions and following my latest daily tweets on X at: Shortwave Central (Gayle Van Horn W4GVH) @QSLRptMT

Have you subscribed to the Shortwave Central YouTube channel? You will find a vast selection 
of videos and audio airchecks, and the Playlist is growing! Join your fellow radio enthusiasts at: https://www.youtube.com/c/ShortwaveCentral 

The Shortwave Central blog brings you the latest from the ever-changing realm of radio. Additional radio information is covered in my Bits & Bytes monthly column in The Spectrum Monitor e-zine at: https://www.thespectrummonitor.com/

Languages as indicated
// denotes station heard on a parallel frequency
*Sign-on Sign-Off*/ frequencies in kHz
Monitoring  July 1-30, 2025   

UTC, frequencies kHz 

Mediumwave
Argentina
1510, Radio Belgrano, Suarsi. Spanish coverage of an indoor soccer match (Futsal), Deportivo and Union, with fans demonstrating at the sports gym. SINPO 25542. (Rudolf Grimm, São Bernardo, Brazil).

Bolivia
1500, Radio Tawantinsuyo, la Paz. Spanish at 0039. SINPO 24442. Interference from Radio Jacuipe, Riachao do Jacuipe, Bahia.(Grimm).
1560, Radio Luz del Mundo La Paz at 0123. Religious program to health items on maintaining good health. “Radio Luz del Mundo” ID, bestter in LSB (Grimm).



Brazil
620, Rádio Jandaia do Sul PR, 0502-0513. Brazilian songs to local ads and time check. Station ID “Jandaia” to vocal tune by Tim Maia. SINPO 25432 (Grimm).
730, Rádio Marumby, Curitiba, PR 0541-0553.Chrisitan vocal music to hymn “Chuvas de bencãos (Showers of Blessings). Station ID “a palavra do Senhor através da música Marumby.” SINPO 24532 (Grimm).
830, Rádio Tropical, Nova Iguaçu RJ 0025-0029. Romantic musical ballad from Lionel Ritchie. Station ID “Tropical AM.” SINPO 35433 (Grimm).
930, Rádio Cultura, Curitba PR, 0018-0024. Advertisement for ‘COPEL” to local time check. Station jingle to “Cultura.” SINPO 34543 (Grimm).
1490, Rádio Difusora, Olimpia, SP at 2152. Station relaying Rádio Bandeirantes with sports news. SINPO 34543 (Grimm).
1500 Rádio Aparecida do Sul. Heard at 2138 with Brazilian style ‘sertanejo’ music. SINPO 35443 (Grimm).

Uruguay
930, Radio Monte Carlo, Montevideo. Spanish programming 0030-0040. Station ID “Transmite Monte Carlo, 930AM…Informativo.” Local time check. SINPO 35333 (Grimm).
1520, Radio Celeste, Tomás Gomensoro. Spanish 2340-2346. Uruguayan-style sequential songs. Verification from the Internet station stream. SINPO 23522 (Grimm).

Shortwave
Classic QSL from KNLS
Alaska
11875, KNLS Anchor Point 0805-0822. Chinese program comments. SINPO 25422 (Manuel Méndez/BDXC).KNLS log on 9580 at 1451. English program, Creation Moment. Excellent signal. 9580 at 1000 with English service IDs and an interval signal. (Harold Sellers, BC, Canada).




Ascension Island
17640, BBC World Service relay 1705-1711 via Georgetown, targeting West Africa. English service 1705-1711. Soccer commentary, match analyst, including crowd background noise. SINPO 35553 (Grimm).
9410, BBWS relay at 0459. Interval signal to ID, upcoming program preview and station ID. Top-of-the-hour time pips to Newshour including news headlines. Fair signal. Logged on 9410 at 0500 with English service. News items about French recognition of Palestine. Fair-good signal; BBCWS Hausa service on 6135 at 0527. Interval signal into ID and presumed newscast. Fair-poor signal  (Tony Pavik, BC, Canada). BBC https://www.bbc.com/ 

Canada

6070 CFRX. 0115. Canadian news topics to conversations for a fair signal. (G Van Horn) YT video from CFRX at SW Central YouTube, 27 May 2025: https://youtu.be/IXPxZ6bRUDE
English programming and news with interference from Germany’s Channel 292 on the same frequency. SINPO 13421 (Méndez).
6070, CFRX at 0759. Ads to ID at 0800. Station ID “Newstalk 1010 CFRB” Canadian and US news headlines. Fair signal (Pavik).
6070, CFRX at 0908 with panel discussion during poor signal (Sellers). https://www.newstalk1010.com/ 

Clandestine
 
1758-1815.Radio Mellat Iran (Radio Iran Nation) Station sign-on with music and numerous IDs. Persian text, music, and discussions. Video at YouTube: https://youtu.be/T8FBTEVF3hM (Van Horn).
9540, Radio Ndarason via Woofferton, UK relay at 0500. Kanuri service with the newscast and interview. Fair-poor quality (Pavik).


7340, National Unity Broadcasting Station via Taiwan at 1259.Korean program with lite style music to 1300. Friendly and humorous interview segment. Fair-good signal (Pavik).

Cuba
5025, Radio Rebelde at 0659. Lite music to ID at 0700. Spanish announcements to upbeat music. Fair-poor with muddy-sounding audio. Magazine-style programming heard on 5025 at 1114. Fair-good signal.  (Pavik). https://www.radiorebelde.cu/ 

11760, Radio Habana Cuba at 1436. Spanish conversations and mentions of Venezuela and Cuba. Fair signal deteriorating quickly to poor quality. No distortion, good audio (Sellers).

6000, Radio Habana Cuba at 0358. Reasonable audio, but a bit low. Program previews over music. Good signal but hampered by audio issues. 
Additional Radio Habana monitoring observed as:
6000, 0252 in English; 6000 at 1059 sign on with Cuban national anthem; 6000 at 0458 English service with distorted audio; 9710 English at 0258 with poor audio;9710 English at 0157 with improved audio;9710 at 0259 in English with newscast, heard on // 11760; 11760 at 0229 English talk about Cuba’s socialist economy to 0240; 15140 Spanish at 1400. Station sign-on to the lady’s talk about revolution and Havana. Fair signal, but noisy.(Pavik).

Ecuador

6050 HCJB, 0055. Male/female conversing in the listed Waorani language. Religious music to a very weak station ID at 0100. (Frank Hilton, SC). 0449-0500* with Spanish religious programming to national anthem and closedown (Méndez) 6050 HCJB at 0924. Station sign-on, national anthem and text (Sellers). https://hcjb.org/ 

Eswatini
13800 Trans World Radio at 1300. Arabic service with opening interval signal to English station ID, followed by Arabic at 1302. Fair signal quality (Pavik) http://www.twr.org 

Finland
6120, Radio Blacksmith Knoll, Pori, Finland; 1728-1947. English pop tunes, including ‘oldies.’ English comments to “Radio Blacksmith Knoll” ID. SINPO 15422 (Méndez).

Japan
6055 Radio Nikkei, 1315. Asian music instrumentals amid Japanese service. (Hilton).

Liberia
6050, ELWA, Monrovia 1931-1957. English religious programming, including text and hymns. SINPO 15422. Also logged this station 0603-0621 with similar programming. SINPO 25422 (Méndez). https://www.elwaministries.org/radio/ 


Mali
5995, Radio Mali/ORTM via Bamako 1841-1913. African tunes to French announcements. Station ID “La Radio Nationale du Mali.” French soccer comments, noting no English Magazine program today. SINPO 35433 (Méndez).
15125, China Radio International relay via Bamako at 1718-1725. Swahili service to East Africa and announcer comments. (SINPO 25432; 17880 in Arabic at 1641-1649 with talk of China. SINPO 45554 (Grimm). https://chinaplus.cri.cn/ 

New Zealand
7425, RNZ Pacific 1135. Pacific news topics to Pacific style music. Noted on 7440 at 1455. Additional Pacific pop vocals from lady announcers. (Sam Wright, MS). 7425 at 0914 with pop music. Excellent signal // 9700 (Sellers). https://www.rnz.co.nz/ 

North Korea
Classic QSL from Voice of Korea
9435, Voice of Korea at 1351. English service including choir music. Male announcer at 1355 announcing the closing of programming. Good signal and signal on // 11710 (Sellers).

6099.96 KCBS Pyongyang at 0959. Korean service. Male announcer’s opening announcement prior to 1000 time pips. Typical music heard, fair-poor signal (Pavik).KCBS 2 heard on 6140 at 1300 with a strong DRM signal that decoded the station ID as Korean Central Radio 2 (in Korean). No audio, but sources have indicated that this is not untypical. Off at 1358 as opposed to 1800 as shown on EiBi (Pavik)
Additional North Korean monitoring: Voice of Korea 7220 at 1100 in Mandarin with standard VoK sign-on.
11735 Voice of Korea at 0600. French service with standard sign-on to the national anthem. Fair signal quality.
15245, Voice of Korea at 1900 Spanish service sign-on with anthems. Signal fair-poor.(Pavik)
11710 Voice of Korea at 1013. English service discussing the “martyrs” who have died in Russia’s war against Ukraine. (Fair signal quality (Sellers).
11910 Voice of Korea, 1938-1942. English service to southern Africa in Korean. (Grimm).

Turkey
7225 Voice of Turkey 0259. Interval signal to English service ID and intros. Signal fair poor. VOT heard on 7275 at 0259 with English service; 9870 at 0158 Turkish service sign-on with interval signal and ID. (Pavik) https://www.trtworld.com/ 

Venezuela
4940, Estacion 4940, 0935. Spanish announcer with Andean music and additional talk-overs the choir music at 0937. Abruptly off at 0942, returned at 0944. Mellow instrumentals and perhaps a mention of “Estacion 4940” into “La Biblia” to 1005. Fair signal with considerable interference. (Mark Taylor, WI/NASWA). Still debating if this station is in Venezuela or Colombia - ed
(graphic designs by Gayle van Horn)

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Monday, September 29, 2025

ShortwaveService Announces Closures on December 31, 2025

 


Christian Milling, Project Coordinator of Germany's ShortwaveService, recently announced that programming on 3985 and 6005 kHz will end on December 31, 2025. The future of 6085 kHz remains uncertain at this posting.

The station currently relays the following programming 

Radio Slovakia International  

All times UTC - 1kW

English Days Area kHz
1030-1100 daily Eu 6005kll
1230-1300 daily Eu 6005kll
1400-1430 daily Eu 6005kll
1730-1800 daily Eu 3985kll

French Days Area kHz
1100-1130 daily Eu 6005kll
1300-1330 daily Eu 6005kll
1430-1500 daily Eu 6005kll
1800-1830 daily Eu 3985kll

German Days Area kHz
1000-1030 daily Eu 6005kll
1200-1230 daily Eu 6005kll
1330-1400 daily Eu 6005kll
1700-1730 daily Eu 3985kll

Spanish Days Area kHz
1130-1200 daily Eu 6005kll
1500-1530 daily Eu 6005kll
1830-1900 daily Eu 3985kll

Radio Mi Amigo International 
English/Dutch/German/French Days Area kHz
0700-1700 daily Eu 6085kll

SRF's program 'Echo der Zeit' (Switzerland)
1600-1700 daily German Eu 3985kll

Radio Andorra
1600-1800 1st Su of month Eu 6005kll
1900-2100 1st Su of month Eu 3985kll 
(WWDXC Top News/1629/24 Sept 2025)
(WRTH Web App)
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Radio Prague International, part 1

 This week, Wavescan features Radio Prague International ... a feature you don't want to miss. Special thanks to Ray Robinson and Jeff White for sharing this week's episode.  Part 2 will air next Sunday. 

Vintage QSL card from Radio Prague

Jeff: Last month, while I was attending the HFCC meeting in Prague, Czech Republic, I was able to visit the studios of Radio Prague, which now broadcasts via WRMI shortwave in Okeechobee, Florida.  So now, Ray Robinson in Los Angeles has been digging into the history of this iconic station of the shortwave bands, and this week brings you part 1 of a 2-part series.

Ray: Thanks, Jeff.

I’m sure many shortwave listeners well remember that very distinctive interval signal and sign-on by Radio Prague.  That one was recorded on 6055 kHz in 1973.  When I lived in the UK in the 1970’s and early 80’s, it was certainly a very easy station to pick up.  But, where exactly was it?

Radio Prague International interval signal at YouTube 

I guess I should start by telling you that Prague is the capital city of the Czech Republic, sometimes now referred to as Czechia, a country of about 11 million people right at the heart of Central Europe, who are largely isolated by their very difficult language.


Vintage QSL from Radio Prague


For nearly 75 years, from the end of World War I until 1993, the Czech Republic was united with Slovakia and known jointly as Czechoslovakia.  During the inter-war period, Czechoslovakia was a parliamentary democracy – the only one in Central and Eastern Europe from 1933 onwards.  Nazi Germany progressively invaded from 1938 on, and then in May 1945, Prague was ‘liberated’ by the Red Army.  The Communists formally took power through a coup d'état in 1948, and the country remained the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic under the control of Moscow until 1989.

A period of reform in 1968 known as the ‘Prague Spring’ was famously crushed by the presence of Warsaw Pact tanks in the center of Prague.  Eventually, through what was known as the ‘Velvet Revolution’ in November and December 1989, the communist regime fell, but by 1992, Slovak calls for more autonomy effectively blocked the daily functioning of the federal government.  So, on January 1, 1993, the Czech Republic and Slovakia were peacefully established as two independent states.

So how did radio broadcasting start there?  Well, the first radio program in Czechoslovakia, made up of words and music, was broadcast on October 28th, 1919 from the telegraph station at Prague's Petrin lookout tower.  Regular radio broadcasts were launched on May 18th 1923, by the valve manufacturer, the Elektra Bulb company, a name that was later changed to Tesla.  This made Czechoslovakia only the second country in Europe after the U.K. to have regular radio broadcasting.

These early broadcasts originated from a tent erected at the transmitter site of a communication facility located in a suburban area of Prague called Kbely.  One listener in England reported hearing test broadcasts on shortwave from this site shortly before the regular service on both longwave and medium wave was inaugurated.  Broadcasts at first lasted just one hour per day, and all programs – both news and musical productions – went out live.

January 1924 saw the first broadcasting intended for listeners abroad in English and Esperanto.  Then in the December of that year, the studios moved from Kbely to a Post Office building in Central Prague, and then finally at the end of 1933, they moved again into a building at 12 Vinohradska Street that is still the headquarters of Radio Prague to this day.

Entrance to Vinohradska Street in 1936



In 1926, additional medium wave stations were established in the regional cities of Brno and Bratislava, and others followed in the late 1920s.

In the 1930’s, some European countries had begun regular broadcasting on shortwave – notably England (in 1932), Germany (in 1933) and Soviet Radio in the mid-1930s.  So, with growing political unrest across the continent, a decision was taken in 1934 to commence regular broadcasting from Prague also to foreign audiences outside Czechoslovakia.  Work commenced in 1935 to install antennas and a 30 kW Marconi shortwave transmitter imported from England, in a telegraph building at Podebrody, near Prague.

Telegraph Building and Transmitter Hall at Podebrody in 1936


This unit was designated with the callsign OLR, which over the years has appeared on many of their QSL cards.

Vintage QSL cards


The first test broadcast from this new unit was heard on July 24, 1936.

Refer to the podcast for an audio clip from 1936 - Experimental Station

Then, just a few weeks later, at 10am on August 31, 1936, the station began regular programming in five languages, for four hours per day.  By 1937, they had been joined by other regular shortwave broadcasting from Brussels, Copenhagen, Oslo and Vienna.  Over the next few years, the broadcast schedule of Radio Prague increased significantly, and in 1938, two new German transmitters were installed at Podebrody.

But then Czechoslovakia was occupied by the Nazis in 1939.  On March 15 that year, the Nazis stopped all broadcasting from Podebrody on shortwave, decreed that all domestic programming must be in German, and began using the radio for propaganda purposes, even going so far as to ban music by Czech composers.  A few days later, though, they relented a little and allowed the shortwave broadcasts to resume, but only for two hours per day to North America, and only in the Czech language.  All Jewish journalists were forced to leave the station. 

Radio Prague at '50'

Shortwave broadcasts to the country in Czech were made from the BBC in London beginning in September 1939, from Radio Moscow in 1941, and from the Voice of America in Washington beginning in 1942.  But in Czechoslovakia itself, listening to foreign radio was a crime punishable by death.  Then in 1943, the Germans removed shortwave capability from over a million radio sets, effectively preventing the majority of the population from listening to foreign broadcasts.

That same year, international radio monitors noticed the station in Prague was using new call signs.  Instead of, for example, for operation on the 31 meter band, the former Czech callsign OLR3A, the identification had become the German DHE3A.

Over the course of the war, some 14 Czech radio staff members were imprisoned or executed by the Nazis, some for political reasons, and others because they were Jewish.  

But the final German announcement of that era was made early on May 5, 1945.  At 6am, an illicit broadcast from the radio studio in the Czech language helped spark the beginning of the Prague uprising.  Aided by Czech police, the Czech resistance had gained control of the station by barricading themselves in the newsroom, and they were able to inform and inspire the people to rise up against the Nazis.  Fierce battles were fought, many lives were lost, and the Czech Radio building itself was badly damaged.  The city of Prague finally fell to the Red Army four days later on May 9, 1945.


Next week, we’ll continue the story of Radio Prague after the Second World War.

Back to you, Jeff.
(Ray Robinson/Wavescan)

Radio Prague QSL 2009





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Sunday, September 28, 2025

Weekly Propagation Forecast Bulletins- September 29, 2025

 Product: Weekly Highlights and Forecasts
:Issued: 2025 Sep 29 0238 UTC
# Prepared by the US Dept. of Commerce, NOAA, Space Weather Prediction Center
# Product description and SWPC web contact www.swpc.noaa.gov/content/subscription-services
#
#                Weekly Highlights and Forecasts
#
Highlights of Solar and Geomagnetic Activity 22 - 28 September 2025

Graphic design by Gayle Van Horn

Solar activity reached R1 (Minor) levels on 23, 24, 26 and 27 Sep and R2 (Moderate) levels on 28 Sep. Region 4217 (S16, L=209, class/area Cko/250 on 22 Sep) produced an M1.1 flare at 23/1034 UTC with an associated Type II sweep with an estimated shock velocity of  835 km/s. On 24 Sep, Region 4224 (S14, L=205, class/area Dso/060 on 26 Sep) produced an M1.0 and an M1.6 flare at 24/0931 UTC and 24/1913 UTC, respectively. An M1.6 flare was observed from behind the E limb at 26/2001 UTC with an associated Type II sweep with an estimated shock velocity of 778 km/s. 

Region 4226 (S11, L=133, class/area on 24 Sep) produced an M1.0/Sf flare and an M1.1/Sf flare at 27/0359 UTC and 27/0423 UTC, respectively. Later on 26 Sep, another activity produced an Earth-directed CMEs. 

No proton events were observed at geosynchronous orbit.

The greater than 2 MeV electron flux at geosynchronous orbit was at high levels on 22 and 27 Sep with a maximum flux of 1,723 pfu observed at 27/1655 UTC. Normal to moderate levels were observed on 23-26 and 28 Sep. 

Geomagnetic field activity was at quiet to unsettled levels, with an isolated active period midday on 23 Sep. Weak negative polarity CH HSS's dominated the period. Solar wind speeds reached a maximum speed of about 600 km/s midday on 23 Sep. 

Forecast of Solar and Geomagnetic Activity 29 September - 25 October 2025

Solar activity is expected to be at low levels with a likely chance for isolated M-class flares throughout the period. 

No proton events are expected at geosynchronous orbit.

The greater than 2 MeV electron flux at geosynchronous orbit is expected to be at high levels on 05-08 Oct, 13-16 Oct and 21-24 Oct. Normal to moderate levels are expected for the remainder of the outlook period. 

Geomagnetic field activity is expected to be at unsettled to active periods on 29-30 Sep, 11-13 Oct, 19-22 Oct and 25 Oct, all due to negative polarity CH HSS influences. Unsettled to active periods are expected on 03-06 Oct due to positive polarity CH HSS influences. Mostly quiet levels are likely for the remaining days in the outlook period. 

:Product: 27-day Space Weather Outlook Table 27DO.txt
:Issued: 2025 Sep 29 0238 UTC
# Prepared by the US Dept. of Commerce, NOAA, Space Weather Prediction Center
# Product description and SWPC web contact www.swpc.noaa.gov/content/subscription-services
#
#      27-day Space Weather Outlook Table
#                Issued 2025-09-29
#
#   UTC      Radio Flux   Planetary   Largest
#  Date       10.7 cm      A Index    Kp Index
2025 Sep 29     175          14          4
2025 Sep 30     180           8          3
2025 Oct 01     180           5          2
2025 Oct 02     175           5          2
2025 Oct 03     170          12          4
2025 Oct 04     170           8          3
2025 Oct 05     165           8          3
2025 Oct 06     165           8          3
2025 Oct 07     165           5          2
2025 Oct 08     155           5          2
2025 Oct 09     155           5          2
2025 Oct 10     155           5          2
2025 Oct 11     145          15          5
2025 Oct 12     145          12          4
2025 Oct 13     140           8          3
2025 Oct 14     140           5          2
2025 Oct 15     145           5          2
2025 Oct 16     150           5          2
2025 Oct 17     155           5          2
2025 Oct 18     155           5          2
2025 Oct 19     160          12          4
2025 Oct 20     160          15          5
2025 Oct 21     165           8          3
2025 Oct 22     160           8          3
2025 Oct 23     155           5          2
2025 Oct 24     155           5          2
2025 Oct 25     150          12          4
(NOAA)
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The latest - Jen's Eclectic Views & Real Deal audio now available

 
Graphic design by Gayle Van Horn

Jen's Eclectic Views & Real Deal for September 28, 2025... is now up and ready for your downloading  and  listening at:
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SW Radiogram schedules

 
Graphic design by Gayle Van Horn

Kim Andrew Elliott is on holiday, so Al Holt and Tony Pavik from Pop Shop Radio are sitting in for him with three special editions of SW Radiogram.

25 Sept-1 Oct:: Edition 419, Al presents a look at 1975's top 10 records. You'll get an image of the picture sleeve for each record, plus a snippet of the tune as it loads.

2 Oct-8 Oct:: Edition 420, I'll be presenting a visit to the hometown of Pop Shop Radio, Hope BC Canada, and a look at our world class chainsaw carving competition



9 Oct-15 Oct: Edition 421, Al presents a colourful look at historic QSL cards

All of these will be heard on the regular times and frequencies:

UT Thursday 2330-2400 9265 WINB Pennsylvania
UT  Saturday 0230-0300 9265 WINB Pennsylvania
UT  Saturday 2300-2330 9455 WRMI Florida
UT  Sunday 0900-0930 7780 WRMI Florida
UT  Sunday 1430-1500 9955 WRMI Florida
UT  Monday 0800-0830 5850 WRMI Florida
UT  Wednesday 1330-1400 15770 WRMI Florida

PLUS Edition 420 will have some special extra broadcasts via Channel 292 in Germany as follows:

UT Friday 3 October at 2100 UT: 30 minutes on 3955 and 6070 khz (repeated at 2130 UT)
UT Saturday 4 October at 0100 UT: 30 minutes on 9670 khz with beam R to North America  (repeated at 0130 UT)

New to SW Radiogram and want to try decoding the text and images? 
(Tony Pavik/BC Canada)
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Saturday, September 27, 2025

Special repeat programming from UBMP on September 28

 


                     Special Encore Broadcast of September's Uncle Bill's Melting Pot Program

Channel 292 will air an encore broadcast of September's UBMP featuring jazz from Russia and Ukraine on September 28, 2025.

Programming will air at 0300 UTC (11pm Eastern US) on 3955 kHz. This is an experiment - although most Europeans are fast asleep, this is supposedly the hour of maximum reach for the frequency, and it may or may not touch parts of the world that don't receive the transmission directly at the usual times. 

We are about to find out. Some past propagation maps for 3955 have shown grey line action at that hour for the east coast of the Americas.
(Tilford Productions.NASWA 22 Sept 2025)
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Jen's Eclectic Views & Real Deal set for September 28

 
Sunday, September 28, 2025
Time again to tune in to the live stream of  Jen's Eclectic Views & Real Deal program

1700-2000 UTC


For your contact pleasure
(Jen In The Rad)

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Friday, September 26, 2025

WRMI schedule repost

 
Graphic by Gayle Van Horn


The current summer color grid, dated September 3, 2025, which includes programming information, is available at: 

Previous schedule update July 1, 2025

All times UTC
Programming in English, French, Italian, Japanese, Portuguese, Russian, Slovak, Spanish

0000-0100  5010ca  5050la  5950na  7730na  9455na  15770eu
0100-0200  5050la  5800la  5950na  7780ca  9455na  15770eu
0200-0300  5010ca  5050la  5950la  7780ca  9455na  9955sa  15770la
0300-0400  5050la  5800la  5850na  5950na  15770eu
0400-0500  5850na 7570na  7730na  7780ca  15770eu
0500-0600  5850na  7570na  7730na 7780ca  9395na  15770eu  
0600-0700  5850na  7570na  7730na 7780ca  9395na  15770eu  
0700-0800  5850na  7570na  7730na 7780ca  9395na  15770eu  
0800-0900  7730na  7780ca  9395na  15770eu
0900-1000  5850ca  7730na  9395na  15770eu
1000-1100  5050na  7730na  7780ca  9395na  15770eu
1100-1200  5850na  7730na  9395na
1200-1300  7730na  9395na  15770eu
1300-1400  7730na  9395na
1400-1500  7730na  9395na  15770eu
1500-1600  7730na  9395na  15770eu  17790la
1600-1700  7730na  9395na  17790la
1700-1800  7730na  9395na  17790la  15770eu
1800-1900  7730na  9395na  17790la  15770eu
1900-2000  7730na  9395na  17790la  
2000-2100  9395na  17790la
2100-2200  7730na  9395na  17790la
2200-2300  5850na  7730na  9395na  15770eu
2300-0000  5010ca  5850na  7730na  9455na

Target Areas:
ca  Central America
eu  Europe
la  Latin America
na  North America
sa  South America

WRMI website:  http://wrmi.net/
Reception Reports: info@wrmi.net 
Rapid E-QSL: Send a reception report and receive an immediate e-QSL to: wrmiqsl@gmail.com
(GVH/Teak Publishing)
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Pop Shop Radio broadcast schedule

 
Graphic by Gayle Van Horn


For Europe, you can find us on the air two times a week on Channel 292. The initial broadcast is on Wednesday with a repeat on Saturday. You can visit them for the latest times and frequencies, as well as other great programs, at https://www.channel292.de/

All frequencies kHz

Wednesday 
1600 UTC
1700 CET

Saturday 
2200 UTC
0000 CET

In Europe, tune your Shortwave Radio to 3955, in the 75 meterband; 3955 also works well for Northern Africa, and 9670 works well for the UK and Eire as well as Russia. It even makes it to East Coast North America

For Europe, you can find us on the air on Saturday and Sunday via Shortwave Gold on 3975 and 6160. For additional information, go to: https://www.shortwaveradio.de/ 

Saturday transmission time on 6160 
1300 UTC
1500 CET

Sunday transmission time on 3975 
1900 UTC
2100 CET

Listeners in North and South America as well as in the Caribbean, can hear us on 5950 every Sunday via WRMI from Okeechobee, Florida in the USA. Reception is also possible in Western Europe. You can visit them for the latest times and frequencies, and program information at https://www.shortwaveradio.de/ 

WRMI transmissions
0200 UTC during Standard Time (Monday)
2200 (10 PM) Atlantic Time - 2230 (10:30 PM) in Newfoundland
2100 (9 PM) Eastern Time
2000 (8 PM) Central Time
1900 (7 PM) Mountain Time
1800 (6 PM) Pacific Time

In the Americas tune to 
5950 (49 meterband) 

For a PDF file of the schedule, go to https://www.shortwaveradio.de/    

No Shortwave Radio? No problem!
Visit any of the internet-based software-defined radios (SDR), including http://kiwisdr.com/.public/
Wednesday and Saturday  3955 
Wednesday and Saturday  9670 
Sunday 3975 
Saturday  6160  
Sunday 5950 
Sunday 5950 
(Tony Pavik/Pop Shop Radio)
(edited by Teak Publishing, 26 Sept 2025)

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U.K. Propagation Update

 


RSGB
GB2RS News Team | September 26, 2025

Last week was good for HF propagation for a number of reasons. Firstly, we are now entering autumn, which offers better propagation prospects than summer. Secondly, the solar flux index has remained high at up to
184 as of last Thursday, 25 September.

We had a week of near-normal geomagnetic conditions, with a low Kp index, no Earth-directed coronal mass ejections, and a relatively quiet solar wind.

These have all combined to give excellent HF propagation, including openings on the 10m  band using FM and transatlantic 10m contacts being possible in the afternoon.

The maximum useable frequency, or MUF, over a 3,000km path, according to Propquest, has mainly been in excess of 30MHz during daylight hours.

The KQ2H repeater in upstate New York, with an output frequency of 29.620MHz, has been loud at times in the afternoon and is a good indicator of HF propagation. Expect it to get better as we enter October. Other US stations have also been heard on the 10m band using FM, including one in Ohio.

Steve, G0KYA was surprised to hear the GB3XMB 10m beacon on 28.287MHz from Waddington, Lancashire this week. Steve remarked that it is 175 miles to Norfolk as the crow flies. He said that the signal didn’t sound like backscatter, so that’s quite a distance for 10m ground wave.

Other DX worked, according to CDXC, included FP5KE, the St. Pierre and Miquelon DXpedition. The station could heard on everything from Top Band to 10m.

V6D in Micronesia has been working on the 40 and 17m bands using CW.

Other highlights include D2USU in Fiji on the 12m band using FT8, and 9Y49R in Trinidad and Tobago on the 10m band using FM.

Next week, NOAA predicts the solar flux index may fall to be in the 159 to 170 range. Geomagnetic conditions are predicted to be poor tomorrow,
29 September, with a Kp index of 5, and again between the 3 and 5 October, also with a predicted Kp index of 5. Expect decreased MUFs for a few days until the ionosphere recovers.

VHF and up:

The next week or so looks to be typical for autumn. It will be a mix of Atlantic weather systems bringing lows and their fronts which may offer some rain scatter for those on the GHz bands.

The other side of the coin is areas of high pressure or mostly weak ridges, in this case mainly affecting the south and east of the country. 
This is the point where Tropo operators can move in with paths probably favouring the North Sea and Scandinavia up to this weekend and then across to the continent and down to Spain during the coming week.

It is worth remembering that Tropo can exist throughout the 24 hours across water and along coasts like the North Sea and English Channel, although the portion of a path overland can weaken during daytime.

The meteor scatter prospects remain in the random territory, so they are best in the early morning.

Recent activity with geomagnetic disturbances suggests that aurora should continue to be part of the operating list in the coming week. 
Check for a hollow note or warble on HF signals and for a Kp index greater than 5, then consider turning your VHF arrays to the north.

For EME operators, Moon declination reaches its minimum tomorrow, 29 September, so from then on we will see lengthening Moon windows and increasing peak elevation. The Moon’s distance from Earth started to decrease after apogee on Friday, 26 September, meaning path losses are falling. 144MHz Sky noise will be high today, the 28 September, and peaks at around 2800 Kelvin tomorrow, 29 September, before dropping back to low for the rest of the week.

(Mike Terry, UK/BDXC)

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Thursday, September 25, 2025

When Weather Bends FM Signals

 


    
          Nick Langan says that tropospheric propagation is the most common “oddity” in FM

By Nick Langan 

Published: September 23, 2025
Nick’s Signal Spot is a new feature in which Nick Langan explores RF signals, propagation, new equipment and related endeavors. 

Maybe you’ve been on the other end of a listener phone call during the summer or fall months.

“What happened to your station? Did it go off the air?”

All is well at your transmitter site. But even within a station’s primary coverage area, a tropospheric band opening can be intense enough to produce interference on the same frequency. 

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A Closer Look at Trans World Radio-Bonaire

 
TWR - Bonaire
Thank you to Ray Robinson and Jeff White for sharing this week's programming, featuring Trans World Radio- Bonaire.

Jeff: Some of you may have seen the article in Radio World magazine last month called ‘A Visit to Shine 800 AM’.  It was all about Trans World Radio’s medium wave station on the Dutch Caribbean island of Bonaire, and that caused Ray Robinson to do a bit more digging.  So here he is, with the TWR Bonaire story.

Ray: Thanks, Jeff.  The island of Bonaire lies about 50 miles north of Venezuela and about 850 miles north of the equator.  It’s 24 miles long and three to seven miles wide.  It’s part of the ABC islands, which along with Aruba and Curaçao, used to form the Netherlands Antilles.  But in 201,0 their status was changed, and the Netherlands Antilles, as an entity, was dissolved.  Bonaire, whose population is only about 24,000, became a special municipality within the country of the Netherlands itself.

Trans World Radio started life, of course, as the Voice of Tangier in 1954, from where it broadcast first to Spain, and then to much of Europe and Scandinavia over the following five years.  When the International Zone was placed back under the control of the Moroccan Government in 1959, all international broadcasters were forced to close by the end of that year.  But by May 1960, TWR had resumed broadcasting on shortwave from a new facility in Monte Carlo, and a high-power medium wave transmitter was added four years later.

But in 1963, TWR first expanded to the Western Hemisphere, opening a high-power medium wave station on the island of Bonaire.  The salt flats on the south coast of the island provided the perfect environment for a medium wave station to propagate to South America and the Caribbean.  Their initial transmitter was a 500 kW Continental Electronics unit, which operated at full power on 800 kHz for 35 years.  It was assigned the Dutch callsign PJB.

TWR's Original 500 kW Continental Medium Wave Transmitter

Later, two shortwave transmitters were added – one at 50 kW and one at 250 kW – and they were used mostly to broadcast Spanish, Portuguese and German programming to South America, and English programming to North America with an expanded schedule on Sundays.  Diesel generators were also installed to provide the power necessary to operate all the equipment.


But as time went on, the costs associated with operating and maintaining such high-power tube-type transmitters forced them to cutback.  In the late 1980’s, the power output from the 250 kW shortwave transmitter was reduced to 100 kW, and then in 1993, all shortwave broadcasting from TWR Bonaire ended.  In 1998, the 500 kW medium wave unit was replaced with a 100 kW one, a Nautel NX100, and the diesel generators were taken out of service.  The station still had twice the power on medium wave of any station in North America, but it was nothing like the flame thrower it had once been.

 But the following year, in 1999, a new medium wave antenna was designed by Tom King of Kintronics Labs in Bluff City, Tennessee, who also engineered and installed it.  The design utilizes four 478’ tall active towers at the four corners of a rectangle, which through selective termination can be used to create three different directional antenna patterns – one for the Caribbean, Venezuela and Colombia, one with a beam to the north west for Cuba, and a third with a beam to the south east that reaches much further down into the Amazonia region of northern Brazil.  By using this new antenna, TWR aimed to maximize the impact of the 100 kW transmitter.


TWR Bonaire Directional Medium Wave Antenna at Night

They had many loyal listeners, but by the early 20-teens, it was apparent there was still a need for higher power.  The station said they had a lot of people in Cuba asking if they could increase the power again to cover the whole island with Christian programming on medium wave.  So, they launched a new project, and over a period of about four years, managed to raise almost $4 million for the purchase and operation of a new high-power solid-state transmitter.


Coverage Patters of the Three Antenna Beams


But, there were no 500 kW transmitters now being manufactured.  One option they had was to combine two 250 kW units to achieve the same output power as the old Continental.  But instead, they found they could get close to that level by selecting a Nautel 400 kW unit, the NX400, which could be assembled from ‘off-the-shelf’ parts for much less cost than two 250 kW units.  It uses MDCL – modulation-dependent carrier level – which enables it to achieve greater than 90% efficiency, and thus it is also quite economical to operate.

The antenna was upgraded for the higher power with new tuning houses at the base of each mast.  The new NX400 transmitter was shipped from Nautel’s facility in Nova Scotia, Canada in eight crates, and it was received in Bonaire in December 2017.  It was installed in the space occupied until 1998 by the old 500 kW Continental, and a dedication ceremony was held on January 30th 2018.  As with all Nautel solid-state transmitters, the NX400 has what the manufacturer calls a “10% overhead”, which means TWR can and does put out closer to 440 kW from Bonaire.  Combined with the more effective antenna design, this means the station now actually sounds stronger than it did with the old 500 kW transmitter decades ago.

The NX400 with TWR Engineer Matt Folkirt (N3FLW)


The current technology also allows the station to operate with a smaller staff.  Back in the 60’s and 70’s, TWR had close to 100 people doing live radio out of Bonaire, but today’s operation is much more labour-efficient.  Both the transmitter and the antenna switching equipment can be monitored remotely, and program producers no longer need to leave the target audiences they are serving.

Mark Persons of Radio World visited TWR Bonaire recently, and he wrote in last month’s issue that the station “is silent during the day but comes alive at night.  From 7:30 to 8 p.m., they broadcast in English to the Caribbean islands, then the pattern is switched to the northwest from 8 p.m. to midnight, when Spanish programs are sent to Cuba via skywave bouncing off the ionosphere.  And yes, they do put a reliable signal into Cuba, some 900 miles away.  In the mornings, “The antenna is on the southeast pattern from 4:30 to 6 a.m. when Portuguese is beamed as far as 1,200 miles into Latin America, again by ionospheric reflection.  Then from 6 to 7:30 a.m., the station is nondirectional with Spanish programs to the Caribbean, Colombia and Venezuela.  Listeners know when to tune in.”

Lauren Libby, the former President of Trans World Radio before his debilitating stroke last year, said the station’s enhanced power and coverage not only helps spread Christian programming to a wide area, but is also useful in other ways.  He said:  “When you get into an emergency situation, there’s nothing that beats medium-wave.  For instance, when the hurricanes came across the Upper Antilles we were on the air every night with weather, encouraging those affected and talking to people throughout the region live on the air.  The Dutch government says whenever there’s a disaster, just tune to 800 AM because that’s where you can get information.  That was one of the reasons that we did what we did — to allow the Dutch government to be able to talk to their territories in the Caribbean, all the way from Saba in the north to Aruba next door.  You need this kind of power if you’re going to do that.”

Here in North America, unless you happen to be close to CKLW in Windsor, Ontario or are unable to null them out, those late evening hours are probably the best time to try to log the 800 kHz signal.  Bonaire is on Atlantic Standard Time all year round (currently the same as Eastern Daylight Time), so that corresponds to midnight to 0400 UTC.  Listen out for their ID in Spanish – Radio Trans Mundial.

Ray: Back to you, Jeff

(Numerous audio/video samples of TWR Bonaire are available at YouTube)

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